This blog is part of a series of blog posts designed to serve as a quick reference guide. Each will focus on a sudden injury or illness and is designed to help you make an informed decision on a plan of action when the unexpected happens.
What is heartburn?
Heartburn is an irritation of the esophagus, the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. It results in a burning sensation in your upper belly, below your breastbone, or in your throat. It often follows the occurrence of acid reflux, which occurs when stomach acid moves up into the esophagus. Heartburn is often more bothersome during the holiday season due to changes in diet and activity level. Sometimes, it even mimics the symptoms of a heart attack.
Why do I get heartburn?
A muscle known as the lower esophagus sphincter sits between the esophagus and the stomach. If it fails to close completely or opens too often, the acid produced by the stomach can move up into the esophagus. As we age, this muscle gradually relaxes, giving stomach acid easier access to the esophagus. Heartburn is also more common in pregnancy due to hormonal and physical changes. Increases in progesterone levels, which relax the muscles of the uterus, also relax the lower esophagus sphincter. Later in pregnancy, the growing baby crowds the abdominal cavity, pushing stomach acid back into the esophagus.
What causes heartburn?
The following foods and drinks are more likely to cause heartburn because they slow down digestion and/or can irritate the stomach.
- Fatty and fried foods
- Spicy foods
- Citrus
- Tomato products such as ketchup, tomato sauce, and salsa
- Peppermint
- Chocolate